Piezoelectric ceramic



` Oct. 14, 1969 NoRlo TsuBoUCm ET Ax. 3,472,778

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PIEoELEcTRIc CERAMIC Filed Oct. 17, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 cawrsnr g 0f S6203 NOR/0 T51/B000 M4540 .7064 HASH! F 3 By T smvea Afrash'/ Wim@ Oct 14, 1969 NoRlo TsuBoucHl ET AL 3,472,778

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Filed Oct. 17, 1967 m w W 0,50 ca/vravr g af '03 m w. 5 mww w WM u Wwf m .I l n. A 0 am Mr Y B F *United States Patent O 3,472,778 PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC Norio Tsubouchi, Masao Takahashi, and Tsuneo Akashi,

Tokyo, Japan, assignors to Nippon Electric Company,

Limited, Tokyo-to, Japan, a company of Japan Filed Oct. 17, 1967, Ser. No. 675,929 Claims priority, application Japan, Oct. 18, 1966, l1/68,515; Dec. 29, 1966, 42/975 Int. Cl. C04b 35/46 U.S. 'CL 252-629 S lClaims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A piezoelectric ceramic is disclosed characterized by high electromechanical coupling and mechanical quality factors obtainable by incorporating cobalt sequioxide and one member selected from the group consisting of antimony sesquioxide and tungsten trioxide into a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution.

The present invention resides in a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate ceramic which contains a small amount of cobalt oxide and also a small amount of either antimony oxide or tungsten oxide.

Fundamental measures for evaluating in practice the piezoeletctric properties of a piezoelectric material are the electromechanical coupling factor and the mechanical quality factor. The former is a representative of the eiliciency of transforming the electric oscillation into mechanical vibration and of conversely transforming the mechanical vibration into electric oscillation. Larger electromechanical coupling factor accounts for better transforming eliiciency. The latter shows the reciprocal proportion of the energy consumed by the material during the energy conversion. Larger mechanical quality factor accounts for smaller energy consumption.

One of the typical fields of application of piezoelectric materials is manufacture of the elements of ceramic filters. In this case, it is necessary to furnish the electromechanical coupling factor with an optimum value selected from a wide range between an extremely large value and a very small value and it is also desirable fgr the mechanical quality factor to assume as great a value as possible. This fact is fully described, for example, in Electronic Engineering, vol. 33 (1961), No. 3, pp. 171- 177, by R. C. V. Macario, under the title of Design Data for Band-Pass Ladder Filters Employing Ceramic Resonators.

The transducer elements of mechanical filters provide another important field of application of piezoelectric ceramics. In this case, both the electromechanical coupling factor and the mechanical quality factor should be as large as possible.

The object of this invention is to improve both electromechanical coupling factor and mechanical quality factor of a piezeoelecric material and particularly to remarkably improve the latter.

The other object of this invention is to provide materials as may be suitable to piezoelectric ceramics for the ceramic filters where large electromechanical coupling factor is required and to piezoelectric ceramics for the transducers of mechanical filters.

It has been already known that incorporation of either antimony sequioxide (Sb203) alone or tungsten trioxide (W03) alone into a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution has an effect in increasing the electromechanical coupling factor (U.S. Patents 3,117,094 for Sb203 and 3,264,217 for W03) and also that addition of cobalt sequioxide (C0203) alone to a lead zrconatelead titanate-lead stannate solid solution results in in- 3,472,778 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 ICC crease in the electromechanical coupling factor (U.S. Pattent 3,068,179).

Where either antimony sesquioxide alone or tungsten trioxide alone is added to a lead zirconate-lead titanatelead stannate solid solution, it is noted that the mechanical quality factor markedly decreases, with -the result that the materials obtained are not applicable to the elements of ceramic filters and to the transducer elements of mechanical filters. On the other hand, incorporation of cobalt sesquioxide alone into a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution results in hardly any improvement of the mechanical quality factor or at best only a slightly improved value, the resulting piezoelectric material being unsuitable for use in the elements of ceramic filters and the transducer elements of mechanical filters.

Accordingly, excellent piezoelectric materials having wide fields of application will be obtained if the electromechanical coupling factor as further enhanced and the mechanical quality factor is markedly increased as cornpared with those resulting from the addition of antimony oxide, tungsten oxide or cobalt oxide alone to a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution.

According to this invention, the electromechanical coupling factor and the mechanical quality factor both of exceedingly large values are obtainable by incorporating both cobalt sesquioxide and one member selected from the group consisting of antimony sesquioxide and tungsten trioxide into a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution, thereby providing materials excellent as piezoelectric ceramics for the ceramic filters where large electromechanical coupling factor is required and for the transducers of mechanical filters.

According to this invention, the basic composition is a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate solid solution. The basic composition is given as follows:

Pb (ZrXTiySnz) O3 where the ranges for x, y and z are:

and where:

in order that the composition may have the electromechanical coupling factor serviceable in practice. As is apparent, the presence of titanate is essential with either or both of the zirconate and stannate. Compositions falling outside of the ranges do not give desirable results in that the electromechanical coupling factor is adversely affected. It is also a well-known fact that the largest electromechanical coupling factor is obtainable where x, y and z are in the general vicinity of 0.52-0.53, OAS-0.47, and 0.00, respectively. Furthermore, it is known that the optimum piezoelectric properties are not lost even when at least one member of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca) is substituted for up to 25 atom perce'nt of the lead (Pb) contained in the basic composition. These known facts are described in more detail in, for example, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 55 (1955), pp. 239-254, by B. Jaffe, R. S. Roth, and S. Marzullo, and the United States Patents Nos. 2,906,710 and 3,068,177.

summarizing, the compositions of this invention comprise the basic composition of Pb(ZrxTiySnz)O3 where x, y, z, and X -l-y-l-z are 0.000.90, 0.10-0.60, 0.000.65, and 1.00, respectively and where at least one member of Ba, Sr, and Ca may be substituted for up to 25 atom percent of Pb contained inthe basic composition.

With this basic composition, it is possible to enhance both the electromechanical coupling factor and the mechanical quality factor and to provide piezoelectric ceramics having excellent properties for use in the' elements of ceramic filters and the transducer elements of mechanical filters by adding thereto the two additional nstituents consisting of cobalt sesquioxide (C0203) of from 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent and either antimony sesquioxide (Sb203) of from 0.05 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent or tungsten trioxide (W03) of from 0.02 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent. The improved properties are not realized where only one of cobalt oxide, antimony oxide and tungsten oxide is added to the same basic composition, as compared to the piezoelectric ceramic composition of the invention made by adding (l) both antimony oxide and cobalt oxide -or (2) both tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide as additional constituents to 4 tungsten trioxide (W03) and about 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent tungsten trioxide (W03), the ingredients being mixed in a ball mill. Mixed powder of each of the foregoing is pre-sintered at about 900 C. for about one hour, crushed, press-molded into discs, and sintered at 1300 C. for one hour. The resulting ceramic discs are provided with silver electrodes and piezoelectrically activated at 100 C. for one hour under a supplied electric field of 50 kv./cm. After the discs have been allowed to stand for 24 hours, the electromechanical coupling factor for the radial mode vibration (hereafter referred to as kr) and the mechanical quality factor (hereafter referred to as Qm) are measured to evaluate the piezoelectric activities. Typical results obtained are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 l, (Per- N o. Composition cent) Qm 1 Pb(Zl'u.5zTio.4s) O3 42 250 2 Pb(Zr0,52Ti0.43)03+-0.10 wt. percent SbzOz 48 95 3... Pb(Zr0.szTio.4)03-l0.l0 wt. percent SMOM-0.03 wt. percent C0203... 63 420 4. Pb(Zr52Ti0.4a)03-l0.10 Wt. percent SMOM-0.05 wt. percent C0203. 72 680 5. Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.45)O3-l-0.10 wt. percent SbgOa-l-OJO wt. percent C0203. 71 920 6 Pb(Zr3,52Ti0 ig)O3-l0.10 Wt. percent SMOM-0.20 wt. percent C0203. 68 1,000 7. Pb(Zr0.5zTi0.4)O3-l0.l0 wt. percent Sb103|0.50 wt. percent C0203. 63 520 S... Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.4) 03+0.10 Wt. percent SbzOrl-OJO wt. percent C0103 60 420 9... Pb(Zlo.52T0.4s) Orl-0.10 Wt. pelcellt W03 50 110 10 Pb(Zr0 52Ti0.4g)03l-0.10 Wt. percent WOM-0.03 wt. percent C0203 64 390 11 Pb(Zr0,5zTi0,4g)03-l0.10 Wt. percent W03+0.05 wt. percent 00203.... 70 640 Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,4g)O3-l0.10 wt. percent W03-F010 wt. percent C0203. 65 640 Pb(Zro .52Tin.4g)03+0.10 wt. percent WOM-0.20 wt. percent C0203.. 64 1, 080 Pb(Zr0,53T10,4s)O3-l0.10 wt. percent WOM-0.50 wt. percent C0103 60 770 Pb(Zr051Tiu 4)Oal-O.l0 Wt. percent WGH-0.70 Wt. percent C0203 58 580 Cobalt carbonate (C0003) is added as calculated on the basis of C0203.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred examples of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 1A are graphs depicting the piezoelectric properties (mechanical quality factor and electromechanical coupling factor) of piezoelectric ceramics made of the basic composition containing antimony sesquioxide and cobalt sesquioxide according to this invention as compared to conventional piezoelectric ceramics consisting of the basic composition containing cobalt sesquioxide alone, as a function of the content of cobalt sesquioxide;

FIGS. 2 and 2A are graphs showing piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramics made of the basic composition containing tungsten trioxide and cobalt sesquioxide as compared to conventional piezoelectric ceramics consisting of the basic composition containing cobalt sesquioxide alone, as a function of the content of cobalt sesquioxide;

FIGS. 3 and 3A are illustrative of graphs showing the piezoelectric properties of ceramics made of the basic cornposition containing Sb203 and C0203 as compared to conventional ceramic consisting of the basic composition containing Sb203 alone, as a function of the content of Sb203; and

FIGS. 4 and 4A show graphs illustrating piezoelectric properties of ceramics made of the basic composition with W03 and C0203 as compared to the basic composition containing W03, as a function of the conte'nt of W03.

EXAMPLE 1 In producing a basic composition represented by the formula Pb(Zr0 52Ti0,43)03, powder comprising about 50 mol percent of lead monoxide (PbO), 26 mol percent of zirconium dioxide (Zr02) and 24 mol percent of titanium dioxide (Ti02) is provided to which is adde'd about 0.10 weight percent of antimony sesquioxide (Sb203) and from about 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent cobalt sesquioxide (C0202) and the ingredients mixed in a ball mill. Similarly, the powder comprising 50 mol percent PbO, 26 mol percent Zr02, 24 mol percent Ti02 is provided to which is added about 0.10 weight percent of Comparisons between the results Nos. l and 2 and between the results Nos. 1 and 9 of Table l show that addition of 0.10 weight percent of Sb203 alone, or W03 alone, to the basic composition raises considerably the value of kr but results in the marked decrease in the Qm value. Increase in k, to a higher extent than that to be achieved by presence of Sb203 or W03 alone and concurrent remarkable increase in Qm which will be lowered if Sb203 or W03 alone is present, would, therefore, provide piezoelectric materials having wider eld of application and hence more improved piezoelectric materials. Comparison of the results Nos. 1 and 2 of Table 1 with the results Nos. 3 through 8 proves that addition of both Sb203 and from 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent of C0203 to the basic composition markedly raises both kr and Qm. Also, it will be apparent, if the results Nos. l and 9 are compared with the results Nos. 10 through l5, that coexistence of both W03 and 0.03 wt. percent-0.70 wt. percent C0202 in the basic composition results in remarkable increase in both kr and Qm.

In general, increase in one of kr and Qm results in decrease in the other. However, addition of both Sb203 and C0203 or both W03 and C0203 to the basic composition makes it possible to markedly enchance synergistically both kr and Qm to meet the different requirement of providing piezoelectric materials having simultaneously raised kr and Qm. This means provision of excellent materials for use as the piezoelectric material in the ceramic filters where specifically large kr is required and in the transducers of mechanical filters.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 1A, solid curves 11 and 12 show Qm and kr, respectively, as a function of the content of C0203 when 0.10 weight percent of Sb203 and a varying amount of C0203 are simultaneously added to Dotted curves 13 and 14 show the relations of Qm and kr to the content of C0203, respectively, in case a varying amount of C0203 alone is added to the same basic composition. From FIGS. 1 and 1A, it will be quite clear that excellent piezoelectric materials are produced in case the content of C0203 falls between 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent.

Referring t0 FIGS. 2 and 2A, the relations of Q*m and kr to the content of C0203 are plotted with solid curves 21 and 22, respectively, for results obtained by addition of both 0.10 wt. percent W03 and C0203 in a varying amount, while dotted curves 23 and 24 are the same as the dotted curves 13 and 14 of FIGS. 1 and 1A. FIGS. 2 and 2A quite clearly show that excellent piezoelectric materials are produced in case C0203 exists in the basic composition within tbe range from 0.03 weight percent to 0.70 weight percent together with Sb2O3.

In case the content of C0203 is less than 0.03 weight percent, coexistence of Sb2O3 and C0203 serves little to improve the piezoelectric activities achieved by the presence of Sb2O3 alone. The same effect is recognized in case of co-presence of W03 and C0203. Where the content of C0203 exceeds 0.70 weight percent, an improvement is not obtained in the activities which would otherwise be attained through the co-presence of Sb2O3 and C0203 (or W03 and C0203).1More particularly, where the content of C0203 is more than 0.70 Weight percent, the properties fall off regardless of the co-presence of Sb20 (or W03) with C0203.

In view of the above, a range between 0.03 weight percent and 0.70 weight percent is selected for the eifective range of the C0203 content.

Additional examples are given utilizing similar treatments as in the foregoing, except where indicated to the contrary.

EXAMPLE 2 Table 2 shows the results obtained for a mixture (No. 16) of the basic composition of the same constituents as in Example 1 with 0.20 weight percent of cobalt sesquioxide (C0203) alone, for mixtures (Nos. 17-21) with further addition of antimony sesquioxide (Sb2O3) of from 0.05 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent, and for mixtures (Nos. 22-26) with addition of tungsten trioxide (W03) of from 0.02 weight percent to the No. 16 mixture.

TABLE 2 excellent piezoelectric materials are produced in case Sb2O3 of from 0.05 wt. percent to 1.0 Wt percent exists in the basic composition together with C0203.

If the content of Sb2O3 is less than 0.05 weight percent, co-presence of Sb2O3 and C0203 results in little improvement of the piezoelectric activities obtained by presence of C0203 alone. 0n the other hand, the piezoelectric properties are so changed regardless of the presence of C0203 with Sb2O3 that the co-presence of C0203 hardly appreciably improves the properties, if the content of Sb2O3 exceeds 1.0 weight percent. Consequently, the effective range of the Sb2O3 content should be limited from about 0.05 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 4A the relations of Qm and kr to the content of W03 are plotted with solid curves 41 and 42, respectively, on the basis of the results obtained by addition of both W03 of a varying amount and 0.20 Wt. percent C0203 t0 Pb(ZI`0-52TIg-48)O3, Similar relations are shown by dotted curves 43 and 44 on the basis of the results of addition of W03 alone of a varying amount to the same basic composition. FIGS. 2 and 2A clearly show that in case W03 of from 0.02 wt. percent to 1.0 wt. percent exists in the basic composition together with C0203, excellent piezoelectric materials are obtainable.

Where the content of W03 is less than 0.02 Weight percent, the `co-presence of W03 and C0203 contributes little to the improvement of the piezoelectric activities attained by presence of C0203 alone and responds little to the eX- pectation of improving the activities by concurrent addition of W03 and C0203. Where the content of W03 eX- ceeds 1.0 weight percent, there is a marked falling off in properties regardless of the presence of C0203 with W03. In View of the above, a range between about 0.02 Weight percent and 1.0 weight percent should be selected for the effective range of the W03 content.

It should be noted here that the improvements made in the piezoelectric properties by addition of both Sb2O3 Composition k, (Percent) Qm *Sb405012 is added as calculated on the basis of Sb2O3.

Comparison of the result No. 1 of Table 1 with the result No. 16 of Table 2 shows that addition of 0.20 weight percent of C0203 alone to the basic composition provides a piezoelectric material having fairly enhanced kr and Qm. It should, however, be understood that further increase in kr and Qm to a large extent, which already are enchanced by addition of C0203 to the basic composition, would provide piezoelectric materials having wider eld of application and hence still further improved piezoelectric materials. Such further increase is accomplished either by addition of both Sb2O3 and C0203 as shown by the results Nos. 17-2l of Table 2 or by addition of both W03 and C0203 as is seen from the results Nos. 22-26.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3A, solid curves 31 and 32 show Qm and kr, respectively, versus the content of Sb2O3 when a varying amount of Sb2O3 and 0.20 wt. percent of C0203 are concurrently added to Pb(Zr0.52Ti0,33)03. Dotted curves 33 and 34 in turn show the relations of Q1n and k, to the content of Sb2O3, respectively, in case a varying amount of Sb2O3 alone is added to the same basic composition. It will be clear from FIGS. 3 and 3A that and `C0203 or both W03 and C0203 clearly result from the co-presence of antimony and cobalt ions or tungsten and cobalt ions. It is possible in various ways to introduce cobalt ions, antimony ions or tungsten ions into the cornposition. As is generally adopted on introducing the effective element into principal composition, use may be made, as cxempliiied in Tables 1 and 2, of the oxide per se or compounds of cobalt, antimony or tungsten which decompose into the respective oxide at elevated temperatures. It is thus possible on introducing cobalt ions by using cobalt carbonate or the like in place of cobalt sesquioxide (C0203). 0n introducing antimony or tungsten ions into the composition, it is possible to utilize a powder of algaroth (Sb405Cl2) or the like instead of antimony sesquioxide (Sb2O3) or to employ tungsten sulfide (WS3) or the like instead of tungsten `trioxide (W03). In case compounds of cobalt, antimony or tungsten other than C0203, Sb2O3 or W03 are utilized, they should be used in their respective amounts equivalent to the desired weight of C0203, Sb2O3 or W03. Use of such compounds is exemplified by the compositions No. 7 in Table 1 and 7 No. 20 in Table 2. In this connection, it should be understood that cobalt sesquioxide (C0203), antimony sesquioxide (Sb203) or tungsten trioXide (W03) as used hereafter may also mean such compounds of cobalt, antimony or tungsten which may be thermally decomposed into 8 EXAMPLE Table 5 shows the results obtained by substituting each of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca) for 5 atom percent of the lead (Pb) in the compositions Nos. 40 and 41 of Table 4.

TABLE 5 kt (Per- Ne. Composition cent) Qm 42 (PbnmsBan .05) (Zr0 42Ti3,43Snu.w)Orl-0.10 wt. percent SMQ-+0.20 wt. percent C0203-. 65 1, 030 43. (Pbo.usBau.os)(ZroAz'lfmnSnMo)O3+0.10 Wt. percent WOM-0.20 wt. percent C0203... 63 1, 090

(Pbo.osS1'o.os)(Zro.4zT}o.4sSI1o.m)Orl-0.10 wt. percent SbzOa-I-(LZO wt. percent C0203... 67 990 45 (Pbmssrons) (Zro.42T19.4BSnn.1o)034-010 wt. percent W03-F020 wt. percent C0203..-" 62 1, 060 46 (Pbo.osCao.os)(ZroAzTloAaSnmg)Orl-0.10 wt. percent SMOM-0.20 wt. percent C0103... 59 970 47 (PbassCaom)(Zru.4zT1o.4rSno.1u)Ori-0.10 wt. percent WOM-0.20 wt. percent 00203.-.. 50 1, 040

cobalt sesquioxide (C0203), antimony sesquioxide (Sb203) or tungsten trioxide (W03) respectively.

EXAMPLE 3 Piezoelectric properties k1. and Qm are shown in Table 3 for typical ceramics (Nos, 27, 30, and 33) consisting only of the basic composition Pb(ZrXTiySnz)03 Where x and y are selected between 0.50 and 0.55 and between 0.50 and 0.45, respectively, while maintaining 0.00 for z, for typical ceramics (Nos. 28, 31, and 34) given by adding both Table 5 clearly shows that piezoelectric properties are equally well improved either by co-presence of Sb203 and C0203 or by co-presence of W03 and C0203 for both cases Where at least one member of barium, strontium, and calcium is substituted for a portion of the lead in the :basic composition and where no such substitution is made.

Examples 4 and 5 show that it is possible to provide an excellent piezoelectric material, by addition of both C0203 and Sb203 or W03, with the basic compositions consist- 0.10 weight `percent of Sb203 and 0.20 Weight percent of ing not only of lead titanate-lead zirconate solid solution C0203 to the above basic compositions, and for those (Nos. 29, 32, and given by adding both 0.10 wt. percent W03 and 0.20 Wt. percent C0203 to the same basic compositions.

but also of lead titanate-lead zirconate-lead stannate solid solution and, still further, with compositions in which a portion of the lead in these solid solutions is substituted for by at least one alkaline earth metal.

TABLE 3 k, (Per- No. Composition cent) Qm 27 Pb(Zl`o.soT o.so)0a 29 340 28 Pb(Zr0 50T10 50) DVI-0.10 wt. percent Sb203+0-20 Wt. percent 00203. 59 1, 210 29 Pb(Zro.5oT-0 50)O3-i0.10 wt. percent WOM-0.20 Wt. percent C0203 54 1, 160 30 Pb(ZIo.5aTlo.47) O3 41 300 31 Pb(Zr0.5aT1o.47gOa-l0.l0 wt. percent Sb203|0.20 Wt. percent C0203..- 67 980 32.-- Pb(Zro.5a'1iu.41 Orl-0.10 wt. percent W03-H120 Wt. percent 00203---. 62 1,050 33 Pb(Zl`o.55T}o.45)03 39 320 34.. Pb(Zr0 55T10.45) Orl-0.10 wt. percent Sb203+0.20 wt. percent 0020s... 63 1, 160 35... Pb(Zr0.55Ti0,45)O3-l0.10 wt. percent WOM-0.20 wt. percent C0203 58 1, 130

Table 3 clearly shows that change of x and y in the ceramic materials whose basic composition is given by Pb (ZrxTiySnz)03 does not damage the piezoelectric properties improved either by co-presence of Sb203 and C0203 or by co-presence of W03 and C0203.

EXAMPLE 4 It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the excellent piezoelectric materials improved as above are not obtainable by addition of a sole member of C0203, Sb203, and W03 but are realized by the co-presence of C0203 with either Sb203 or W03.

Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modilications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the invention and the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A piezoelectric ceramic composition comprised of Comparison of the results Nos. 6 and 13 0f Table 1 70 a basic composition given by the compositional formula with Table 4 clearly shows that substitution of tin (Sn) for a portion of the basic composition does not harm the piezoelectric properties improved by co-presence of Sb203 and C0203 or W03 and C0203 without the tin substitution.

PbuMv(ZrxTiySnz)03, where x, y, and z represent a set of mol ratios as follows:

x=up to about 0.90, y=about |0.10 to 0.60,

where M represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, and where u and v indicate a set of atom ratios as follows:

u=about 0.75 to 1.00, v=up to about 0.25, and w+ w=-1.00,

said ceramic composition also containing cobalt sesquioxide (C0203) in an amount ranging from about 0.03 to 0.70 weight percent, and one member selected from the group consisting of antimony sesquioxide (Sb2O3) in an amount ranging from about 0.05 to 1.10 weight percent and tungsten trioxide (W03) in an amount ranging from about 0.02 to 1.0 weight percent.

2. The ceramic composition -of claim 1, wherein the composition formula is Pb (ZrxTiySnz)O3.

3. The ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein x is about 0.52 to 0.53 and y is about 0.48 to 0.47.

4. In a method for improving the electromechanical coupling and the mechanical quality factors of a piezoelectric ceramic composition based on the compositional formula PbuMv(ZrxTiySnz)O, where x, y, and z represent a set of mol ratios as follows:

where M represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca. and where u and vindicate a set of atom ratios as follows:

u=about 0.75 to 1.00,

v=up to about 0.25,

and ul-v=l.00, the improvement which consists essentially of incorporating in said composition about 0.03 to 0.70 weight percent cobalt sesquioxide and one member selected from the group consisting of about 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight of antimony sesquioxide and about 0.02 to 1.0 percent by weight of tungsten trioxide.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein x and y in the formula are about 0.52 to 0.53 and about 0.48 to 0.47, respectively.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,068,177 12/1962 Sugdeu 252-623 3,170,094 1/1964 Roup et al 252-629 3,372,121 3/1968 Banno 252--62.9

TOBIAS E. LEVOW, Primary Examiner I. COOPER, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.R. 106--39 

